Pressure pad



W. FERRIS PRESSURE PAD Sept, 5, 1933.

Filed Ma 1, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet Sept. 5, 1933. h w ms 1,926,912

PRESSURE PAD Filed May 1 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 WALTER FERRIS,

Q cylinder iroi Riley 1,, liliiit.

This rim to hydraulic eressure pads for dra the like.

The pressure pad to W. lo the invention e o= plies in partic" has a pressure r ng to hold the blank cg st the movable die during the draw stroire or tire press to strip the formed articl from the stationary die after the has been; drawn to shape, a piston supporting the pressure ring arid arranged in a iio uid filled JillCil the liquid is excelled. throogl'i restricted oriiices as the piston moves inwardly, means to va the efiective orifice area through which liquid is expelled during the iristrolre of the piston thereby regulate the pressure within t" e cylinder in accordance with the move= ment 0' the piston and thus control the pressure applied to the black by the pressure ring, and means to supply liquid to the cylinder at liigh pressure to force the piston upwardly and strip the formed article from the stationary die after the movable die has moved tsereirom. Such a pressure pad is disclosed in Patent rosette, issiied'lleceiiifoer N28 to Walter Ferris.

The present invention has as an ciiject to provide a pressure pad in which the expulsion of liquid from the cylinder is controlled by a valve which is operated by liquid pressure to very tire eiiective orifice area through which liquid may be excelled Another object is tocoritrol the pressure in the cylinder throughout the working S"l0l.6 o, the press.

Another object is to vary the pressure cylinder during the working strolre or" the press,

Another object is to provide a pressure which may be readiiy and easily adjusted to reg= ulate the pressures created in the cylinder during the working strolte of the press.

Another object is to provide a hydraulic pres sure pad which is susceptible of close control.

Another object is to provide a valve which has restricted orifices for the passage of liquid which is adjustable to vary the efiective orifice area.

According to the invention in its general es= pect, the pressure pad is provided witli episton'and a cylinder, the expulsion of liquid from the cylinder during the instrolre or the piston is resisted and controlled by a valve which causes the piston to create pressure in the cylinder, and the valve is operated by means responsive to the pressure in the cylinder to vary and control that pressure.

According to the invention in another aspect,

Ferris, we, siscigiaor to The @osrgiaoy, a corcs the pressure pad is provided with a vslve wlrich has grooves or ducts formed therein to provide a restricted outlet for the escape of liquid from he cylinder and which is adjustable to vary the efiective cross-=sectional area of the grooves or ducts through which liquid may flow.

The invention is illustrated by the pressure pad shown in the cocoa carrying in which the views are as follows:

l is a central longitudinal section through the pressure pad and through a cram-operated press to which the pressure pad is shown cg" plied, the view being taken the plaice oi. the line l.l of Fig. 2.

Fig. '2 is in part a vertical section and in an elevation taken substantially on a lies of Fl 1 Fig. 3 is a section ori a re 3-3 of Fig, l. The pressure pad is siiomi a o lied to an are right cranlooperated press but the ieven tion is not limited to this particular application.

The draw press has a bed 1, a frame 2 s13: ported thereby, a ram 3 guided by the 2 and connected by a connecting rod 4 to a era shaft 5 which is jouroalecl ill. the upper ere-d of the frame 2, end a die '5 which is carried by the ram 3 and cooperates a stationery *2 arranged upon a bolster is carried by the bed i.

The blank, from wlr an article is to formed by the dies 6 and E, is held iimiiy against the upper die 6 during the drawing operation by .a pressure ring 9- wioicli encircles the lower die "i and is supported fret, a pressure plate lo pins ll which are slidalsle through the bolster 8 and the flange of the 7.

The iimctiori the pressure pad is to siz c= port the pressure plate it and resist the dovm= ward movement thereof under the influence of the ram 3 so as to retain-tats tlie required pres= e ring 9 and the die it between, to strip r die, and to return -sisl position,

to grip the blank t finished wort: from the pressure ring 9 to The downward rnovem lli is resisted primarily by piston 12 which is attached thereto and reciprocaiole in a cylinder 13 arranged within and carried by a reservoir 1% containing a liquid, such as oil, the level of which is maintained above the upper end of the cylinder 13. passageways 15 through wliiclrliquid may flow as the piston moves upwardly to keep the cy inder flooded at all times and which are normally closed by a check valve iii,

s or the pressure plate The piston 12 is provided with v The lower end of the cylinder 13 communicates with a transverse bore or cylinder 17 which is shown formed in the base 18 of the reservoir 14 and provided with an arcuate port 19'opening into the reservoir, the bore 1'7 and the port 19 constituting the outlet from the cylinder 13.

The port .19 a controlled by a plunger valve 20 which is'arranged in the bore T7 and is responsive to the hydraulic pressure within the cylinder 13. The valve 20 is provided around a part of its periphery with longitudinally tapered grooves 21 which register with the port 19 and provide outlet orifices through which liquid is expelled from the cylinder .13.

The grooves 21 are largest at the inner ends thereof and terminate upon the periphery of the valve 20 so that inward movement of the valve gradually restricts the orifice area through which liquid may be expelled and finally closes the port 19.

The resistance of the liquid in the cylinder 13 to the downward movement of the piston 12 is dependent upon the speed of the ram 3 relatively to the total cross-sectional area of the orifices through which the liquid is expelled from the cylinder, and the pressure in the cylinder 13 can be regulated by rotating the-valve to vary the number of grooves in communication with the port 19.

The valve may be rotated by a sleeve 22 arranged in the bore 17 and provided with two prongs 23 which engage two slots 24 in the valve 20. The outer end of the sleeve 22 is reduced in diameter and extended through a cap or gland 25 umich is attachedto the base 18, and the sleeve 22 is rotated by ahandle 26 which is attached to its outer end and provided witha pointer 27 to indicate the number of grooves 21 in communication with the port 19.

' ed through the outer end 01' the sleeve 22 and engages the valve when the same is initial position. The piston 12 does not move downwardly at a imiform rate of speed due to the ram 3 being actuated by a crank and the amount of liquid expelled per unit of time from the cylinder 13 diminishes in proportion to the reduction in speed of the piston. In 'order to maintain the desired pressure in the cylinder, the plunger valve 20 moves inwardly in response to the hydraulic pressure in the cylinder 13 to progressively reduce the efiective cross-sectional areas of the tapered grooves 21.

The inward movement of the valve 20 tends to create a vacuum in the 'outer end of the bore 1'? and this tendency is overcome by admitting liquid from the reservoir 14 through a duct 29 which is formed in the base 18 and has one end opening into the reservoir and the other end opening into an annular groove 30 formed in the wall of the bore 17.

When the piston 12 moves downwardly, the hydraulic pressure created in the cylinder 13 moves the valve 20 inwardly by acting upon a valve piston 31 which has a greater cross-sectional area than the valve 20 and is connected thereto by a connecting rod 32 and forms substantially a part thereof. The valve piston 31 is arranged in a valve cylinder'33 which communicates with the cylinder 13 and the liquid Y produce a predetermined initial pressure.

in the rear end thereof resists the forward movement of the valve piston 31.

The liquid in the valve cylinder 33 is expelled into the reservoir 14 through a duct 34 which is formed in the base 18 and-controlled by a regulating valve 35. The rate of fiow of the liquid through the duct 34 determines the rate of movement of the 'valve 20 and consequently determines the pressure or pressures created in the cylinder 13, which may be indi cated upon a pressure gage 36 connected to, the cylinder 13 by a pipe 37.

The regulating valve is urged toward open position by a helical compression spring 38 and toward closed position by a screw 39 which is threaded into its outer end. The spring 38 holds the outer end of the screw 39 against a cam face 40 on a-bar 41 which is guided at its lower end by a bracket 42 and connected at its upper end to an arm 43 carried by the pressure plate 10. The screw 39 may be moved axially by the cam face 40 to adjust the valve 35 or the valve may be adjusted b tin-hing a hand wheel 44 which is attached to screw 39.

The velocity of the ram of a crank-operated press diminishes during the working part of the stroke and, if the pressure pad is applied to such a press, the grooves 21 in the valve 20 are preferably tapered in proportion to the reduction in the velocity of the ram.

When the upper die 6 engages the blank to press the same over the lower die '7, the resistance of the liquid in the cylinder 13 causes the pressure ring 9 to press the margin of the blank against the die 6 and grip the same firmly therebetween during the entire forming operation, the valves 20 and 35 having been previously adjusted in accordance with the depth of the draw and to The pressure created in the cylinder 13 by the downward movement of the piston 12 causes the liquid to be expelled through the grooves 21 and the valve 20 to move inwardly against the liquid in the valve cylinder 33 which is expelled through the duct 34.

If the adjustment of the valve 35 remains the same during the entire working stroke of the press, the valve 20 will move inwardly at a substantially uniform speed under the influence of the pressure in the cylinder 13 and reduce the effective cross-sectional area of the tapered grooves 21 in accordance with the reduction in speed of the piston 12 as the crank of the crankshaft 5 approaches dead center.

If the grooves 21 are proportioned to control the expulsion of liquid from the cylinder 13 in accordance with the piston speed and a uniform pressure upon the pressure ring is desired during the entire forming operation, the valve 35 may be adjusted manually and the cam bar 41 disconnected from the arm 43 or a cam bar employed which has a straight vertical face.

If the grooves 21 are not proportioned to control the expulsion of liquid from the cylinder 13 in accordance with the piston speed or, if different pressures are desired upon the pressure ringe 9 during different parts of the forming operation, the screw 39 is adjusted to the lowest point upon the cam face 40 and the bar 41 is conthe grooves 21 through which liquid is expelled to either maintain -a uniform pressure in the cylinder 13 or to obtain different pressures therein during diflerent parts oi the forming operation, depending upon the contour oi the cam face it) which may be shaped to produce any pressure or variation in pressure in the cylinder 13, whether the ram 3 moves at a uniform speed or at a speed which varies according to any law of speed variation, such as the speed produced by a crank, as shown.

As the crank of the shaft 5 approaches lower dead center, the ram 3 and piston 12 aremoving at a relatively slow speed and a relatively small prevented by the valve piston 31 engaging a stop screw 46 which is threaded through the head 4'? of the valve cylinder 33.

As the valve piston 31 engages the stop screw 48, it uncovers a port 48 which is connected by a pipe 49 to a high pressure variable displacement pump 50, such as that disclosed in Patent No. 1,578,233, issued March 23, 1926 to Walter Ferns, and a check valve 51 is provided to protect the pump 50 from the high pressures created in the cylinder 13.

The downward movement oi the pressure ring 9 is also opposed by small lifting pistons 52 which engage the pressure plate 10 and are reciprocable in lifting, cylinders 53 arranged within and'carried by the reservoir 14. The lilting cylinders 53 are connected at the bottoms thereof to the pump to by a pipe fie-and the liquid therein is discharged into the reservoir 14 through a relief valve 55 as the pistons 52 are iorced downwardly during the'iorming operation.

As the ram 3 starts its upward stroke and relieves the pressure upon the pressure ring 9, the, pump 50 delivers liquid at high pressure to the cylinders 53 to raise the pistons 52 and. to the cylinder 13 to create sumcient pressure therein to strip the formed article from the die i.

When the article is loosened from the die '7,

the upward thrust oi the lifting pistons 52 re leases the pressure in the cylinder 13 and allows liquid to be delivered by a low pressure pump 56 to the valve cylinder 33 to retract the valve,pis-

ton and close'the port 48 so that the full output oi the high pressure pump as is delivered to the lifting cylinders 53 to force the pistons upwardly raise the pressure plate is and the parts carried thereby.

f The low pressure pump 58 may beincorpcrated in the high pressure pump 50, as disclosedlin Patent No. 1,619,200, issued March h1 2? to i, Aliydraulic pressure'padcompriaingaprm v Walterl'lerris, and is'connected to the valve cylinder 83 by a pipe 57 and a check valvect which protects the pump 58 from the high pressures created in the valve cylinder 83 during the working stroke of the press. t v

'Ihepressureplate 10' is raisedrapidly by the lilting 52, due to the volumetric capacity of the cylinders 53. and the phytoh 12 upwardly-which causes the valve to hydraulic pressure in said cylinder to reduce 16 to open'and liquid to flow from the reservoir 1'4 through the passageways 15 to till the cylinder 13. At the same time, liquid delivered by'the low pressure pump 56 is returning the valve piston 31 and the valve 20 to their initial positions and excess liquid delivered by the pumps is returned from the reservoir 14 to the sump oi the pump 50 through an overflow pipe 59. As soon as the piston 31 moves toward its initial position, it cloms the port 48 and the full output of the high pressure pump 50 is directed into the lifting cylinders 53 to raise the pistons 52 atan increased speed.

The pressure pad herein set iorth is suscepti- I bio of various modifications and adaptations sure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said -rnember including a piston and a cylinder, and ,means providing a restricted passageway for the escape of liquid from said cylinder and responsive the cross-sectional area of said passageway.-

'2. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pres-. sure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said member including a piston and a cylinder, and a valve providing a restricted passageway tor the escape of liquid from said cylinder and movable 1 by hydraulic pressure therein to reduce the slicetive cross-sectional area of said pa'ssageway.-

3. A hydraulic pressure pad, compr ing a pres-' sure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, and a'valve having tapered grooves for an outlet, and a valve having tapered grooves for a controlling the discharge of liquid from said 1&0

cylinder through saidoutlet and adjustable to vary the resistance to the discharge of said liquid.-

5. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means forsustaining said member including a pistonjand a cylinder having an. outlet, and a valve having tapered grooves ior controlling the discharge of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet and movable to vary the eil'ective area'through discharged;

6. A hydraulic pressure padcomprising a pressure member, hydraulic means ior sustaining said member including a piston and-a cylinder having an outlet, a valve having tapered grooves ice-controlling the discharge of liquid from said cylinder through-said outlet and movable to vary the slice tive area through which liquid may be freed, and means for adjusting said valoeradlallyto vary the W: GU81 $00M eating with said outlet.

which liquid may be hydraulic means for said member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet. a value having tapered grooves ior controlling the e of liquid mm saidv cylinder pressure in said cylinder-to vary the oilectivc m-ea means for adjusting said are'acommuni through said outlet'and' re to hydraugha' 8. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a valve having tapered grooves for controlling the discharge of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet and movable to vary the efiective area through which liquid may be discharged, and means for adjusting the initial position of said valve to vary the effective cross-sectional area of the grooves in communication with said outlet.

9. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a valve having tapered grooves for controlling the discharge of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet and reciprocable to vary the.

effective area through which saidliquid may be discharged, means for adjusting said valve to vary the number of grooves communicating with said outlet, and means for adjusting the initial position of said valve to vary the eliective cross-sectionalarea of the grooves in communication with said outlet.

10. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a valve for controlling the flow of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet, hydraulic means for regulating the operation of said valve, and means operated in accordance with the movement of said pressure member for operating said regulating means to thereby control the pressure in said cylinder during the entire stroke of said piston.

4 11.1 hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a hydraulically operated valve for controlling the flow of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet, hydraulic means for regulating the operation of said valve, and means for adjusting said hydraulic regulating means in accordance with the movement of said pressure member.

12. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for. sustaining said member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a valve responsive to hydraulic pressure'in said cylinder for controlling the flow of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet, hydraulic means for regulating the operation of said valve, and means for adjusting said hydraulic regulating means in accordance with the movement of said pressure member.

13. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said pressure member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a valve for controlling the discharge of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet, and auxiliary cylinder communicating at one end with said sustaining cylinder and having a relief outlet at the other end thereof, a valve piston of greater cross-sectional area than said valve carried thereby and arranged in said auxiliary cylinder to move said valve in response to hydraulic pressure in said sustaining cylinder and thereby vary the eiIe'ctive crosssectlonal area through which liquid may be discharged from said sustaining cylinder, and means for regulating the discharge of liquid through said relief outlet to control the movement of said valve piston.

14. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said pressure member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a valve having'tapered .grooves communicating with said outlet to conthereof, a valve piston of greatercross-sectional 1 area than said valve carried thereby and arranged in said auxiliary cylinder to move said valve in response to hydraulic pressure in said sustaining cylinder and thereby control the pressure in said sustaining cylinder, and means for regulating the discharge of liquid through said relief outlet to control the movement of said valve piston.

15. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said pressure member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a valve having tapered grooves communicating with said outlet to control the discharge of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet, means for adjusting said valve to vary the cross-sectional groove area communicating with said outlet, an auxiliary cylin der communicating at one end with said sustaining cylinder and having a relief outlet at the other end thereof, a valve piston of greater crosssectional area than said valve connected thereto and arranged in said auxiliary cylinder to move said,valve in response to hydraulic pressure in said sustaining cylinder and thereby control the pressure in said sustaining cylinder, and means for regulating the discharge of liquid through said relief outlet to control the movement of said valve piston.

16. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said pressure member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a valve having tapered grooves communicating with said outlet to control the discharge of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet, means for adjusting the initial position of said valve to vary the eiiective cross-sectional area of the grooves in communication with said outlet, an auxiliary cylinder communicating at one end with said sustaining cylinder and having a relief outlet at. the other end thereof, a valve piston of greater cross-sectional area than said valve carried thereby and arranged in said auxiliary cylinder to move said valve in response to hydraulic pressure in said sustaining cylinder and thereby control the pressure in said sustaining cylinder, and means for regulating the discharge of liquid through said relief outlet to control the movement of said valve piston.

' 1'7. A hydraulic pressure pad, comprising a pressure member, hydraulic means for sustaining said pressure member including a piston and a cylinder having an outlet, a .valve having ta- 1 pered grooves communicating with said said outlet tocontrol the discharge of liquid from said cylinder through said outlet, means for adjusting said valve radially to vary the cross-sectional groove area communicating with said outlet, means for adjusting the initial position of said valve to vary the effective cross-sectional area of the grooves in communication with said outlet, an auxiliary cylinder communicating at one end with said sustaining cylinder and having a relief outlet at the other end thereof, a valve piston of greater cross-sectional area than said valve carried thereby and arranged in said auxiliary cylinder to move said valve in response to hydraulic pressure in said sustaining cylinder and 

